Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection FAQ
What is HIV?
HIV is a virus that attacks the body's immune system, specifically the CD4 cells (T cells). Over time, HIV can destroy so many of these cells that the body can't fight off infections and disease.
How is HIV transmitted?
HIV is transmitted through contact with certain body fluids of a person with HIV, such as blood, semen, vaginal fluids, and breast milk.
What are the symptoms of HIV?
Early HIV symptoms may include fever, headache, fatigue, and swollen lymph nodes. As the infection progresses, it may lead to more severe symptoms and complications.
Is there a cure for HIV?
Currently, there is no cure for HIV, but with proper medical care, it can be controlled. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) can help people with HIV live long and healthy lives.
How is HIV diagnosed?
HIV is diagnosed through blood tests that detect the presence of antibodies or the virus itself. It is important to get tested if you think you may have been exposed to the virus.
Can HIV be prevented?
HIV can be prevented by practicing safe sex, using clean needles, and taking pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for individuals at high risk of exposure.
What is the difference between HIV and AIDS?
HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) is the virus that can lead to AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome), which is the late stage of HIV infection.
What is antiretroviral therapy (ART)?
ART is the use of HIV medicines to treat HIV infection. It involves taking a combination of HIV medicines every day to control the virus.
Are there side effects of HIV medications?
Some common side effects of HIV medications may include nausea, diarrhea, fatigue, and headache. It's important to discuss any concerns with a healthcare provider.
Can HIV medications interact with other drugs?
Yes, HIV medications can interact with other drugs, including prescription and over-the-counter medications. It's essential to inform healthcare providers about all medications being taken.
Can people with HIV have children?
With proper medical care, including HIV treatment and preventive measures, people with HIV can have children without passing the virus to their infants.
Is it safe to breastfeed if you have HIV?
Breastfeeding is not recommended for people with HIV, as the virus can be transmitted to the infant through breast milk. Formula feeding is a safer option.
How does HIV affect the immune system?
HIV weakens the immune system by targeting and destroying CD4 cells, which are crucial for the body's ability to fight off infections and diseases.
Can HIV be transmitted through kissing?
HIV is not transmitted through saliva, so the risk of transmitting the virus through kissing is extremely low.
Where can I get support for living with HIV?
There are various support groups, counseling services, and healthcare providers specializing in HIV care that can provide assistance and support for individuals living with HIV.
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Information provided by Dr. Tekeste Etay Teka. Reviewed by Dr. Mohamed El Khouly